what do you mean by type conversion? Explain its types.

 Type conversion, also known as type casting, is the process of converting the data type of an object or variable to a different data type. It is a useful technique in programming that allows us to manipulate data in different ways.

In C++, there are several types of type conversion, including:

1. Implicit Type conversion: This type of conversion is performed automatically by the compiler when data of one type is assigned to a variable of another type. For example, if we assign an 'int' value to a 'float' variable, the compiler automatically converts the 'int' value to a 'float' value.
2. Explicit type conversion: This type of conversion is performed manually by the programmer using type casting operators. There are three type casting operators in C++:

• Static_cast: This operator is used to convert a value from one type to another. It is used for safe conversions and performs compile-time checking to ensure that the conversion is valid.
• Dynamic_cast: This operator is used to perform type conversions in polymorphic class hierarchies. It is used to convert pointers or references to base class objects to pointers or references to derived class objects.
• Reinterpret_cast: This operator is used to convert one type of pointer to another type of pointer. It is used to perform low-level type conversions, such as converting a pointer to an integer.

  3. User-defined Type conversion: This type of conversion is performed by defining conversion function within a class. Conversion function are member functions that allow an object of one class to be converted to an object of another class.

In summary, type conversion is the process of converting the data type of an object or variable to a different data type. It is a powerful technique that allow us to manipulate data in different ways and is commonly used in programming.