why do we need exception handling? Explain with an example.

 Exception handling is a mechanism that is used to handle the runtime errors that can occur in a program. It allows the programmer to deal with the errors and provide a meaningful response to the user.

The following are some reasons why we need exception handling:

1. Robustness: Exception handling makes programs more robust and less likely to crash due to errors.
2. Debugging: Exception handling makes it easier to debug a program by providing a way to trace the error back to the source.
3. Code separation: By separating the error handling code from the main code, we can make our code more organized and easier to read.

Example:

Consider the following program that reads two integers from the user and divides them:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    int x, y;

    cout << "Enter two integers: ";

    cin >> x >> y;

    cout << x << "/" << y << "=" << x / y << endl;

    return 0;

}

If the user enters zero (0) for the second number, the program will crash because dividing by zero is not allowed. To prevent this, we can use exception handling to catch the error and handle it gracefully:

#include <iostream>

#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    int x, y;

    cout << "Enter two integers: ";

    cin >> x >> y;

    try {

        if (y == 0) {

            throw runtime_error("Division by zero");

        }

        cout << x << "/" << y << "=" << x / y << endl;

    } catch (const exception& ex) {

        cerr << "Error: " << ex.what() << endl;

    }

    return 0;

}

In this modified program, we use a try-catch block to catch the exception that is thrown when the second number is zero. The catch block prints an error message to the console, and the program continues to run without crashing.